Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly publicised disease that is estimated to affect between 3 and 5% of children, and becomes apparent in the preschool and early school years. In addition, over 8 million adults in the US may exhibit the symptoms of ADHD, while only an estimated 600,000 are being treated. Medications have been used to treat the symptoms of ADHD for decades, with stimulants being the most often prescribed type. However, these can cause side-effects and provide potential for drug dependency and abuse. In this article, the current treatment options, market information and deal making trends are discussed, with reference to drugs in the pipeline.